Website is intended for physicians
Search:
Всего найдено: 2

 

Abstract:

This case describes successful combined treatment of patient with large hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC «B», occupying the entire right lobe of the liver, extending to the fourth segment and occupying the right lateral flank till small pelvis. As the first stage, selective tumor chemoembolization, mechanical chemoembolization of right portal vein branches with the aim of vicarious hypertrophy of remaining liver segments were performed. One and half months after performed procedure, the volume of remnant parenchyma was 31% of the total volume. According to the test with indocyanine green, the plasma elimination rate (ICG-PDR) was 12,2%/min, and the residual concentration at 15 minutes was 16%. Subsequently, was performed surgical intervention: Starzl laparotomy, revision of abdominal organs, cholecystectomy, right-sided hemihepatectomy + SI, drainage of the common bile duct according to Vishnevsky, lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament, drainage of abdominal cavity. Postoperative period was complicated by formation of an external biliary fistula and hepatic failure, regarded as class «B» according to criteria of the International Research Group for Liver Surgery (ISGLS), which required medical correction of patient's condition without use of extracorporeal detoxification methods. Later, patient was diagnosed with foci of recurrence of disease in the remaining parenchyma of the liver, for which endovascular treatment was carried out. Currently, patient is alive (6 years after surgery) and is receiving systemic treatment for the extrahepatic spread of the underlying disease.

 

References

1.     Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018; 68(6): 394-424.

https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492

2.     Llovet JM, Br? C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Seminars in liver disease. 1999; 19(3): 329-338.

3.     Vishnevsky VA, Ayvazyan KA, Ikramov RZ, et al. Sovremennye printsipy lecheniya gepatotsellyulyarnogo raka. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii 2020; 25(2): 15-26 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2020215-26

4.     Mizuguchi T, Kawamoto M, Meguro M, et al. Preoperative liver function assessments to estimate the prognosis and safety of liver resections. Surg Today. 2014; 44(1): 1-10.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-013-0534-4

5.     European Association for the Study of the Liver. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018; 69(1): 182-236.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019

6.     Kamiyama T, Orimo T, Wakayama K, et al. Survival outcomes of hepatectomy for stage B Hepatocellular carcinoma in the BCLC classification. World J Surg Oncol. 2017; 15(1): 156.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-017-1229-x

7.     Kim H, Ahn SW, Hong SK, et al. Korean Liver Cancer Association. Survival benefit of liver resection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2017; 104(8): 1045-1052.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10541

8.     Samuel M, Chow PK, Chan Shih-Yen E, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 1: CD001199.

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001199.pub2

9.     Tremosini S, Reig M, de Lope CR, et al. Treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma: Towards personalized therapy. Dig Liver Dis. 2010; 42(3): 242-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1590-8658(10)60512-9

10.   Bolondi L, Burroughs A, Dufour JF, et al Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions. Semin Liver Dis. 2012; 32(4): 348-59.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1329906

11.   Kudo M, Arizumi T, Ueshima K, et al. Subclassification of BCLC B Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Strategies: Proposal of Modified Bolondi's Subclassification (Kinki Criteria). Dig Dis. 2015; 33(6): 751-8.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000439290

12.   Wada H, Eguchi H, Noda T, et al. Selection criteria for hepatic resection in intermediate-stage (BCLC stage B) multiple hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery. 2016; 160(5): 1227-1235.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2016.05.023

13.   Wang W, Yang LY, Huang GW, et al. Genomic analysis reveals RhoC as a potential marker in hepatocellular carcinoma with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer. 2004; 90(12): 2349-55.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601749

14.   Yang LY, Wang W, Peng JX, et al. Differentially expressed genes between solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma and nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2004; 10(24): 3569-73.

https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v10.i24.3569

15.   Chen J, Lai L, Lin Q, et al. Hepatic resection after transarterial chemoembolization increases overall survival in large/multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(1): 408-417.

https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13427

16.   Pirtskhalava TL, Granov DA, Maystrenko DN. Kombinirovannaya rezektsiya pecheni i nizhnei poloi veny pri gepatotsellyulyarnom rake. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii. 2016; 21(2): 52-55 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2016252-55

17.   Granov AM, Tarazov PG, Granov DA, et al. Uspeshnoe kombinirovannoe lechenie patsienta s retsidiviruyushchei gepatotsellyulyarnoi kartsinomoi. Vestnik khirurgii imeni II Grekova. 2015; 174(2): 98-100 [In Russ].

18.   Granov DA, Polehin AS, Tarazov PG, et al. Khimioehmbolizatsiya pechenochnykh arterii u bol'nykh gepatotsellyulyarnym rakom na fone tsirroza pered transplantatsiei pecheni: prognosticheskoe znachenie kontsentratsii al'fafetoproteina. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. 2020; 22(4): 52-57 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2020-4-52-57

 

Abstract:

Introduction: the review is devoted to clinical results of the use of radiological and endovascular interventionsin intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: chemoinfusion, chemo- and radioembolization of the hepatic artery, preoperative embolization of right branch of portal vein.

Aim: was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of methods of intravascular therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Materials and methods: article presents an analysis of 50 scientific literature sources in leading domestic and foreign scientific journals.

Results: it was found that intra-arterial treatment methods have approximately the same clinical efficacy. Chemoinfusion is a technically simple and effective method of treatment, prospects of which are associated with the creation of new chemotherapy drugs and therapeutic regimens. Chemoembolization is most effective for hypervascular cholangiocarcinoma. The question of its use in a neoadjuvant mode requires study, even in resectable cases, it helps to reduce the biological activity of the tumor. Radioembolization (RE) effectively slows down the growth of cholangiocarcinoma and is well tolerated by patients, but long-term results are little bit worse to those of infusion and embolization. The procedure seems to be technically difficult and requires expensive logistics. When solving these problems, ER can become one of the most important methods of treating cholangiocarcinoma, especially when the tumor is resistant to other methods of therapy.

Preoperative portal vein embolization is routinely used in clinical practice. However, operations performed after this procedure account for only 3-6% of all liver resections. The wider application of this technically simple and safe technique seems logical.

Conclusions: in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, a combined approach should be used with the use of surgical, X-ray endovascular and other methods of anticancer therapy: this makes it possible to expand possibilities of treating patients and achieve improved long-term results.

 

References

1.     Datta J, Narayan RR, Kemeny NE, D’Angelica MI. Role of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in treatment of initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (review). JAMA Surg. 2019; 154(8): 768-776.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1694

2.     Rutkin IO, Granov DA, Polysalov VN, et al. Combination of cytoreductive surgery and implantation of intra-arterial infusion systems in the treatment of unresectable liver tumors. Voprosy Onkologii. 2007; 53(2): 206-209 [In Russ].

3.     Generalov MI, Balakhnin PV, Tsurkan VA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of toxic complications of regional chemotherapy through percutaneously implanted systems. Diagnosticheskaja i Intervencionnaya Radiologiya. 2007; 1(3): 46-51 [In Russ].

4.     Imamine R, Shibata T, Shinozuka K, Togashi K. Complications in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: retrospective comparison of catheter tip placement in the right/left hepatic artery vs. the gastroduodenal artery. Surg. Today. 2017; 47(7): 851-858.

5.     Kozlov AV, Tarazov PG, Polikarpov AA, Polysalov VN. Possibility of regional chemotherapy in patients with cancer of the liver and biliary ducts complicated by obstructive jaundice. Rossijskij Onkologicheskij Zhurnal. 2004; 1: 11-15 [In Russ].

6.     Konstantinidis IT, Do RKG, Gultekin GH, et al. Regional chemotherapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a potentional role for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging as an imaging biomarker and a survival update from two prospective clinical trials. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014; 21(8): 2675-2683.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-3649-y

7.     Konstantinidis IT, Koerkamp BG, Do RKG, et al. Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: systemic plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy is associated with longer survival in comparison with systemic chemotherapy alone. Cancer. 2016; 122(5): 758-765.

https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29824

8.     Sinn M, Nicolaou A, Gebauer B, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion with oxaliplatin and 5-FU/folinic acid for advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II study. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2013; 58(8): 2399-2405.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-013-2624-y

9.     Wang X, Hu J, Caj G, et al. Phase II study of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Radiology. 2017; 283(2): 580-589.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016160572

10.   Thiels CA, D’Angelica MI. Hepatic artery infusion pumps (review). J. Surg. Oncol. 2020; 122(1): 70-77.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25913

11.   Savic LJ, Chapiro J, Geschwind J-FH. Intra-arterial embolotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: update and future prospects (review). Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2017; 6(1): 7-21.

https://doi.org/10.21037/hbsn.2016.11.02

12.   Lewis AL, Hall B. Toward a better understanding of the mechanism of action for intra-arterial delivery of irinotecan from DC Bead (DEBIRI). Future Oncology. 2019; 15(17): 2053-2068.

https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0071

13.   Faramazzalian A, Armitage KB, Kapoor B, Kalva SP. Medical management of tumor lysis syndrome, postprocedural pain, and venous thromboembolism following interventional radiology procedures. Semin. Intervent. Radiol. 2015; 32(2): 209-216.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549379

14.   Matsui Y, Figi A, Horikawa M, et al. Arteriopathy after transarterial chemo-lipiodolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagn. Interv. Imag. 2017; 98(12): 827-835.

https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4360

15.   Newgard BJ, Getrajdman GI, Erinjeri JP, et al. Incidence and consequence of nontarget embolization following bland hepatic arterial embolization. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2019; 42(8): 1135-1141.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02229-2

16.   Dolgushin BI, Virshke ER, Kosyrev VJ, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of inoperable patients with nodular cholangiocarcinoma. Annaly Khirurgicheskoy Gepatologii. 2015; 20(3): 24-30 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2015324-30

17.   Park S-Y, Kim JH, Yoon H-J, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization versus supportive therapy in the palliative treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin. Radiol. 2011; 66(4): 322-328.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2010.11.002

18.   Gusani NJ, Balaa FK, Steel JL, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with gemcitabine-based transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE): a single-institution experience. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2008; 12(1): 129-137.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-007-0312-y

19.   Burger I, Hong K, Schulik R, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: initial experience in a single institution. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2005; 16(3): 353-361.

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.RVI.0000143768.60751.7

20.   Kiefer MV, Albert M, McNally M, et al. Chemoembolization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cisplatinum, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol: a 2-center study. Cancer. 2011; 117(7): 1498-1505.

https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25625

21.   Vogl TJ, Naguib NN, Nour-Eldin NE, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: results and prognostic factors governing treatment success. Int. J. Cancer. 2012; 31(3): 733-740.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26407

22.   Popov VV, Polikarpov AA, Alentiev SA, et al. Possibilities of regional chemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Klinicheskaja Patofisiologija. 2016; 3-1(22): 21-24 [In Russ].

https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12364

23.   Li J, Wang Q, Lei Z, et al. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization following liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on survival risk stratification. Oncologist. 2015; 26(6): 640-647.

https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0470

24.   Lu Z, Liu S, Yi Y, et al. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels affect the prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who receive postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: a propensity score matching study. Int. J. Surg. 2017; 37: 24-28.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.015

25.   Wu ZF, Zhang HB, Yang N, et al. Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization improves survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors: results of a large monocentric series. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 38(7): 602-610.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2012.02.185

26.   Park HM, Yun SP, Lee EC, et al. Outcomes for patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2016; 23(13): 4392-4400.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5454-2

27.   Ge Y, Jeong S, Luo G-J, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization versus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for recurrent unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: development of a prognostic nomogram. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 2020; 19(2): 138-146.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.02.005

28.   Aliberti C, Benea G, Tilli M, Fiorentini G. Chemoembolization (TACE) of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with slow-release doxorubicin-eluting beads: preliminary results. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2008; 31(5): 883-888.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-008-9336-2

29.   Aliberti C, Carandina R, Sarti D, et al. Chemoembolization with drug-eluting microspheres loaded with doxorubicin for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2017; 37(4): 1859-1863.

https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11522

30.   Kuhlman JB, Euringer W, Spangenberg HC, et al. Treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: conventional transarterial chemoembolization compared with drug eluting bead-transarterial chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 24(4): 437-443.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283502241

31.   Schiffman SC, Metzger T, Dubel G, et al. Precision hepatic arterial irinotecan therapy in the treatment of unresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma: optimal tolerance and prolonged overall survival. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 18(2): 431-438.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-1333-4

32.   Ray CE, Edwards A, Smith MT, et al. Meta-analysis of survival, complications, and imaging response following chemotherapy-based transarterial therapy in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2013; 24(8): 1218-1226.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2013.03.019

33.   Radosa CG, Radosa JC, Grosche-Schlee S, et al. Holmium-166 radioembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: feasibility and safety of a new treatment option in clinical practice. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2019; 42(3): 405-412.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-2133-7

34.   Gangi A, Shah J, Hatfield N, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with transarterial yttrium-90 glass microsphere radioembolization: Results of a single institution retrospective study. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2018; 29(8): 1101-1108.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.04.001

35.   Reimer P, Virarkar MK, Binnenhei M, et al. Prognostic factors in overall survival of patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated by means of yttrium-90 radioembolization: results in therapy-na?ve patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2018; 41(5): 744-752.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-017-1871-2

36.   Al-Adra DP, Gill RS, Axford SJ, et al. Treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with yttrium-90 radioembolization: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 41(1): 120-127.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2014.09.007

37.   Zhen Y, Liu B, Chang Z, et al. A pooled analysis of transarterial radioembolization with ittrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2019; 12: 4489-4498.

https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S.202875

38.   Rayar M, Sulpice L, Edeline J, et al. Intra-arterial yttrium-90 radioembolization combined with systemic chemotherapy is a promising method for downstaging unresectable huge intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to surgical treatment. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 22(9): 3102-3108.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-014-4365-3

39.   Bargellini I, Mosconi C, Pizzi G, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Results of a multicenter retrospective study. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2020; 43(9): 1305-1314.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02569-4

40.   Edeline J, Touchefeu Y, Guiu B, et al. Radioembolization plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019; 6(1): 51-59.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3702

41.   White J, Carolan-Rees G, Dale M, et al. Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization for chemotherapy-refractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a prospective, observational study. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2019; 30(8): 1185-1192.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2019.03.018

42.   Buettner S, Braat AJAT, Margonis GA, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2020; 31(7): 1035-1043.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2020.02.008

43.   Akinwande O, Shah V, Mills A, et al. Chemoembolization versus radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a single institution: image-based efficacy and comparative toxicity. Hepatic Oncology. 2017; 4(3): 75-81.

https://doi.org/10.2217/hep-2017-0005

44.   Currie BM, Soulen MC. Decision making: intra-arterial therapies for cholangiocarcinoma – TACE and TARE. Semin. Intervent. Radiol. 2017; 34(2): 92-100.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602591

45.   Hyder O, Marsh JW, Salem R, et al. Intra-arterial therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 20(12): 3779-3786.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3127-y

46.   Boehm LM, Jayakrishnan TT, Miura JT, et al. Comparative effectiveness of hepatic artery based therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 111(2): 213-220.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.23781

47.   Yang L, Shan J, Shan L, et al. Trans-arterial embolisation therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2015; 6(5): 570-588.

https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.055

48.   Wright GP, Perkins S, Jones H, et al. Surgical resection does not improve survival in multifocal intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a comparison of surgical resection with intra-arterial therapies. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2018; 25(1): 83-90.

https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-017-6110-1

49.   Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, et al. Portal vein embolization before extended hepatectomy for biliary cancer: current technique and review of 494 consecutive embolizations. Dig. Surg. 2012; 29(1): 23-29.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000335718

50.   Higuchi R, Yamamoto M. Indications for portal vein embolization in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J. Hep. Bil. Pancr.Sci. 2014; 21(86): 542-549.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.77

ANGIOLOGIA.ru (АНГИОЛОГИЯ.ру) - портал о диагностике и лечении заболеваний сосудистой системы